Ubuhinde n’ibihugu bitanu bigize umuryango wa Southern African Customs Union (SACU) byashyizeho igihe cy’umwaka umwe cyo kuganira ku masezerano ashobora guhindura imisoro n’uburyo ibicuruzwa byinjira ku masoko y’impande zombi. Ibi biganiro bizahuza Afurika y’Epfo, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho na Eswatini ku ruhande rwa SACU, ndetse n’u Buhinde ku rundi ruhande. Impande zombi ziteganya gutangira ibiganiro mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe, nyuma yo kumvikana ku mategeko n’imirongo ngenderwaho izagena uko imishyikirano izakorwa. Biteganyijwe ko ibiganiro bizatangira bitarenze Nzeri 2026 , bikarangira

Ubuhinde n’ibihugu bitanu bigize umuryango wa Southern African Customs Union (SACU) byashyizeho igihe cy’umwaka umwe cyo kuganira ku masezerano ashobora guhindura imisoro n’uburyo ibicuruzwa byinjira ku masoko y’impande zombi.

Ibi biganiro bizahuza Afurika y’Epfo, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho na Eswatini ku ruhande rwa SACU, ndetse n’u Buhinde ku rundi ruhande.

Impande zombi ziteganya gutangira ibiganiro mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe, nyuma yo kumvikana ku mategeko n’imirongo ngenderwaho izagena uko imishyikirano izakorwa.

Biteganyijwe ko ibiganiro bizatangira bitarenze Nzeri 2026, bikarangira mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe.

SACU ni iki kandi kuki iri kuganira n’u Buhinde?

Southern African Customs Union (SACU) ni umuryango w’ubucuruzi uhuza Afurika y’Epfo, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho na Eswatini.

Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi biranga SACU ni uko ibihugu biyigize bikoresha gahunda ihuriweho mu bijyanye n’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bituruka hanze y’umuryango.

Ibi bivuze ko mu biganiro nk’ibi, ibyo bihugu bitajya buri kimwe ukwacyo ngo kigirane amasezerano atandukanye n’igihugu cya gatatu. Ahubwo SACU ihagararira ibihugu byose mu biganiro bijyanye n’imisoro n’ubucuruzi bwo hanze.

Ni yo mpamvu u Buhinde butazaganira na Afurika y’Epfo, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho na Eswatini ukwabyo, ahubwo buzaganira na SACU nk’umuryango umwe.

Ese imisoro yahise igabanuka?

Icyemezo cyafashwe ni ugushyiraho urufatiro rw’ibiganiro bizagena niba hari ibicuruzwa bizagabanyirizwa imisoro cyangwa bikavanirwaho imisoro burundu.

Inyandiko impande zombi zasinye igena ibizaganirwaho, uburyo ibiganiro bizakorwa ndetse n’intego y’igihe cyo kubirangiza.

Ibi bivuze ko ubucuruzi hagati y’u Buhinde na SACU bukomeje gukorwa hakurikijwe imisoro n’amategeko asanzweho kugeza igihe amasezerano mashya yaba yemerejwe kandi atangiye gukurikizwa.

Ni ayahe masezerano bari kuganiraho?

Ari mu biganiro ni Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA), cyangwa amasezerano y’ubucuruzi aha ibicuruzwa bimwe umusoro wihariye ugereranyije n’ibindi bicuruzwa.

Aya masezerano atandukanye n’amasezerano yuzuye y’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye (Free Trade Agreement), kuko atari ngombwa ko akuraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa byose.

Impande zombi zishobora guhitamo urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa runaka zigena ko bizajya byishyura imisoro mike cyangwa ntibisorezwe na gato.

Urugero, niba hari ibicuruzwa SACU yohereza mu Buhinde bifite umusoro munini, impande zombi zishobora kumvikana kuwugabanya. Na none, ibicuruzwa byo mu Buhinde byinjira muri SACU bishobora kugenerwa imisoro mike.

Afurika y’Epfo n’ibindi bihugu bizungukira iki?

Iyo amasezerano nk’aya agizwe, intego nyamukuru iba ari korohereza ubucuruzi no gufungura amasoko mashya.

Ku ruhande rw’ibihugu bya SACU, amasezerano ashobora gufasha ibigo byabyo kubona isoko ry’u Buhinde, igihugu gifite abaturage barenga miliyari kandi gifite ubukungu n’isoko rinini.

Ibihugu nka Botswana na Namibia bishobora gushaka amahirwe yo kwagura amasoko y’ibicuruzwa by’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi bikomoka ku mutungo kamere.

Lesotho na Eswatini bifite ubukungu bushingiye ku matsinda yihariye y’ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu nganda n’ubuhinzi, bityo na byo bishobora gushaka uburyo ibicuruzwa byabyo byagera ku isoko ry’u Buhinde ku giciro gishobora guhangana n’ibindi.

Afurika y’Epfo, kubera ko ifite inganda n’ubukungu bunini kurusha ibindi bihugu bya SACU, ishobora kubona amahirwe mu byiciro bitandukanye birimo ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu nganda, ubuhinzi n’amabuye y’agaciro.

U Buhinde bwo bushobora kunguka iki?

Ku ruhande rw’u Buhinde, amasezerano ashobora gufasha ibigo byaho kubona isoko rinini muri Afurika y’Amajyepfo.

Ibicuruzwa birimo imiti, imashini, imodoka, imyenda n’ibindi bikoresho bishobora kubona amahirwe yo kwinjira muri ibyo bihugu ku misoro yagabanyijwe, bitewe n’ibizemeranywaho mu biganiro.

Ibi bishobora kandi kongera ishoramari n’imikoranire hagati y’ibigo by’u Buhinde n’ibyo muri Afurika y’Amajyepfo.

Kuki ibi biganiro bije mu gihe gikomeye?

Ibi biganiro bije mu gihe ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika biri gushaka amasoko mashya yo koherezamo ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bitaguma kwishingikiriza ku masoko make.

By’umwihariko, Afurika y’Epfo iri gushaka kwagura umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu mu gihe hari impinduka n’ibibazo mu mibanire yayo y’ubucuruzi n’Amerika.

Na none, impaka ku hazaza h’amasezerano ya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) zatumye ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bikomeza gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kubona amasoko mpuzamahanga.

Ku bihugu nka Lesotho, gushaka amasoko mashya ni ingenzi cyane kuko bifite ubukungu bushobora kwibasirwa n’impinduka ku masoko y’amahanga.

Ni iki kizaba kigoye mu biganiro?

Nubwo aya masezerano ashobora kuzana inyungu, kumvikana ku bicuruzwa bizahabwa imisoro yihariye bishobora kuba ingorabahizi.

Ibihugu bitanu bya SACU ntibifite inyungu zimwe mu bucuruzi.

Afurika y’Epfo ifite inganda n’ibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye, mu gihe Botswana na Namibia byishingikiriza cyane ku mabuye y’agaciro. Lesotho na Eswatini na byo bifite ibicuruzwa byihariye by’ubuhinzi n’inganda.

Bityo, igihugu kimwe gishobora kubona ko kugabanya umusoro ku bicuruzwa runaka ari inyungu, mu gihe ikindi gishobora gutinya ko ibyo bicuruzwa bizahungabanya inganda zacyo zo mu gihugu.

Amategeko y’inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa azaba ingenzi

Ikindi kizitabwaho ni amategeko agena inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa (rules of origin).

Aya mategeko agena igihe igicuruzwa gishobora gufatwa nk’icyakorewe muri SACU cyangwa mu Buhinde kugira ngo gihabwe umusoro wihariye.

Urugero, igicuruzwa gishobora guteranyirizwa muri kimwe mu bihugu bya SACU ariko ibice byinshi byacyo bikaba byaraturutse hanze. Hazakenerwa kumvikana ku gipimo cy’ibikorwa bigomba gukorerwa muri SACU kugira ngo icyo gicuruzwa gihabwe inyungu z’amasezerano.

Ni iki abacuruzi bakwiye gukurikiranira hafi?

Abacuruzi ntibakwiye gufata aya masezerano nk’aho imisoro yamaze kugabanywa.

Icy’ingenzi bazakurikiranira hafi ni urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa bizashyirwa mu masezerano, ingano y’imisoro izagabanywa, amategeko y’inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa, inzira za gasutamo n’izindi nzitizi zitari imisoro.

Niba impande zombi zumvikanye ku masezerano akomeye kandi yorohereza ubucuruzi, bishobora kongera urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa n’ishoramari hagati y’u Buhinde na Afurika y’Amajyepfo.

Imishyikirano izamara umwaka

Impande zombi zashyizeho intego yo kurangiza ibiganiro mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe.

Ariko kugeza ubu, amasezerano ntarasinwa kandi nta musoro mushya wahindutse.

Icyo ibiganiro bizatanga kizaterwa n’ibizemeranywaho ku bicuruzwa, imisoro, inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa n’uburyo amasezerano azashyirwa mu bikorwa.

A little more informed. A little more connected.