Amazone: "Ibihaha by'Isi" Rifite Ubwiza Budasanzwe Ariko Rikaba Riri mu Kaga.

Ishyamba rya Amazone riherereye muri Brazil rizwi nki "ibihaha by'isi" (Lungs of the Earth), rikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini ku isi ry'ibihu (tropical rainforest), rifite uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bw'isi yose — kuva ku kigero cy'ubushyuhe, ku kirere, kugeza no ku bwoko bw'ibinyabuzima bitabarika bibamo. Ishyamba rya Amazone rifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 6.7 hafi kilometero kare miliyoni 6.3 nk'uko andi masoko abivuga, rikaba ryaguye mu bihugu icyenda by'Amerika y'Epfo birimo Berezile, Peru, Kolombiya, Ekwatoru, Venezuwela, Boliviya n'ibindi. Muri iryo shyamba harimo ibiti bi

Ishyamba rya Amazone riherereye muri Brazil rizwi nki "ibihaha by'isi" (Lungs of the Earth), rikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini ku isi ry'ibihu (tropical rainforest), rifite uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bw'isi yose — kuva ku kigero cy'ubushyuhe, ku kirere, kugeza no ku bwoko bw'ibinyabuzima bitabarika bibamo. Ishyamba rya Amazone rifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 6.7 hafi kilometero kare miliyoni 6.3 nk'uko andi masoko abivuga, rikaba ryaguye mu bihugu icyenda by'Amerika y'Epfo birimo Berezile, Peru, Kolombiya, Ekwatoru, Venezuwela, Boliviya n'ibindi. Muri iryo shyamba harimo ibiti birenga miliyari 390, kandi rifite uruhare runini mu kwinjiza dioxyde de carbone no gutuma ikirere cy'isi kigumana ubushyuhe buringaniye. Iri shyamba rifite ibinyabuzima byinshi kuruta ahandi hose ku isi Nta rundi rutare rw'ibinyabuzima ku isi rushobora kugereranywa n'iry'Amazone: hagati ya 10% na 30% by'ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima bizwi ku isi biboneka muri iryo shyamba. Abahanga bamaze kumenya ubwoko bw'ibimera 40,000 n'ubw'ibiti 16,000, byinshi muri byo bikaba ari isoko y'ibiryo cyangwa imiti. Muri byose, umuntu umwe kuri buri batanu bo mu bwoko bw'ibinyabuzima bizwi ku isi, aba abamo. Iri shyamba Kandi rifite Uruzi rwa Amazone ari rwo rwa kabiri mu miyoboro y'amazi minini ku isi. Uruzi rumwe muri iryo shyamba rushobora kugira ubwoko bw'amafi menshi kurusha uruzi rwose rwo mu Burayi hamwe. Ubwoko bw'amafi y'amazi meza buri hafi 3,000, mu gihe amoko y'inyoni y'aho atura ari 1,300. Ikindi Kandi iri shyamba ririmo udukoko turenga miliyoni 2.5, harimo n'inzoka ya anaconda y'icyatsi (green anaconda), ari yo nzoka nini ku isi ishobora kugera ku burebure bwa metero 9 (30 ft) ikanaremera hafi kilo 250. Harimo kandi udukoko dukomeye tw'ibara ryeruye (poison dart frogs) dufite uburozi bushobora kwica abantu 10 icyarimwe, n'inyoni ya harpy eagle ikaba imwe mu nyoni zikaze zishobora kurya inyamaswa nka nyakatsi. Muri Amazone haboneka dolphine idasanzwe, ifite ibara ryegereye ku bara ry'icyondo (pink), kubera ko uruhu rwayo rworohereye rugatuma imitsi y'amaraso igaragara. Iyi dolphine iboneka mu mazi meza gusa, ikaba ari kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ubudasa bw'iryo shyamba. Nubwo Ubutaka bwaryo budakungahaye ku ntungamubiri, ariko ibiti byabyihanganiye Nubwo ubutaka bw'Amazone budakungahaye ku ntungamubiri nk'uko byari byitezwe, ibiti byaho byabashije guhuza n'imiterere y'ubutaka binyuze mu mikoranire n'ubwoko bw'ubwoko bw'ifu (mycorrhizal fungi) bufasha mu kwinjiza intungamubiri. Ubuzima bw'amazi n'ibiyaga bihinduka nk'ibihe Igice cy'iryo shyamba (varzeas) kingana na kilometero kare 350,000 kirohama mu mazi mu bihe by'imvura, bigatuma imiterere y'ubuzima bwo mu mazi ihinduka nk'ibihe, imwe muri yo igashobora kumara amezi 6 irohamye. Amakuru mashya agaragaza intambwe nziza mu kurwanya igitero ryo gutema amashyamba: Ikigo cy'Igihugu cya Berezile gishinzwe ubushakashatsi bwo mu kirere (INPE) cyatangaje ko hagati ya Mutarama na Kamena 2026, hagaragaye kilometero kare 1,295 gusa z'ishyamba ryagizweho ingaruka, ugereranyije na kilometero kare 2,090 mu gihe nk'icyo mu 2025 — bikaba byaragaragaje igabanuka rya 38% kandi ari ryo rirenze ku burebure bw'imyaka 10. Minisitiri w'Ibidukikije muri Berezile, Marina Silva, yavuze ko iri gabanuka riterwa n'imikorere ikomeye yo kurwanya ibikorwa bitemewe hamwe n'ubufatanye n'inzego z'ibanze, agasobanura ko muri 81 ku miji ifite ibipimo bikomeye by'igitero ku mashyamba, 70 muri yo yamaze kwiyemeza gukurikiza gahunda z'igihugu zo kurwanya iri tegeko. Icyakora, hagati aho, umubare w'inkongi z'umuriro (wildfires) mu ishyamba wagiye wiyongera muri uwo mwaka, aho kuva Mutarama kugeza Kamena 2026, hejuru y'ubuso bwa hegitari 2.7 z'ishyamba byatwitswe, ari 318,000 acres nyinshi ugereranyije n'igihe nk'icyo mu 2025. Marcio Astrini, umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cy'Ubuvuzi cy'ibidukikije Observatório do Clima, yagaragaje ko iyi mibare igaragaza ko Berezile yakoze politiki zikwiye kandi zishobora kongera kurangiza intego yo guhagarika burundu no kugarura ishyamba mbere y'umwaka wa 2030. Ishyamba rya Amazone rikomeje kuba kimwe mu bintu byiza kandi bidasanzwe ku isi, biriho ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima butabarika, uruzi runini, n'ibinyabuzima bidahari ahandi. Nubwo hari intambwe nziza igaragara mu kugabanya igitero ku ishyamba muri 2026, ikibazo cy'inkongi z'umuriro n'ibindi bikorwa by'abantu bikomeje guhangayikisha abunganira ibidukikije, bakomeza gusaba ko hakomezwa politiki zirinda iri shyamba ku bw'akamaro karyo mu buzima bw'isi yose. Umwanditsi: Marie Florence NDAYISHIMIYE