Ifaranga ni kimwe mu bintu biyoboye Isi kuva yaturwaho n'umuntu ku buryo rigereranwa n'ubuzima, abantu bakavuga ko utarifite utabasha kubaho kuko waba utakaje imbaraga zo kukubeshaho, Bityo rigahinduka icyibanze cyo kumaranira mu Isi. Ifaranga risobanurwa nk'ikintu cyose guhinduka ikita rusange mu kugurana no kwishyurana mu muryango w'abantu runaka. Umunyamerika akaba n'inzobere mu Bukungu, Milton Friedman we yavuze ko Ifaranga atari ibyo tubona mu Ishusho y'impapuro n'ibikoroto, ahubwo icyo rimara aricyo gaciro karyo. Mu by'ukuri Ifaranga si rishya kuko ryahozeho kuva kera na kare, icyakoze r

Ifaranga ni kimwe mu bintu biyoboye Isi kuva yaturwaho n'umuntu ku buryo rigereranwa n'ubuzima, abantu bakavuga ko utarifite utabasha kubaho kuko waba utakaje imbaraga zo kukubeshaho, Bityo rigahinduka icyibanze cyo kumaranira mu Isi.

Ifaranga risobanurwa nk'ikintu cyose guhinduka ikita rusange mu kugurana no kwishyurana mu muryango w'abantu runaka.

Umunyamerika akaba n'inzobere mu Bukungu, Milton Friedman we yavuze ko Ifaranga atari ibyo tubona mu Ishusho y'impapuro n'ibikoroto, ahubwo icyo rimara aricyo gaciro karyo.

Mu by'ukuri Ifaranga si rishya kuko ryahozeho kuva kera na kare, icyakoze ryagiye ryihinduranya mu bihe bitandukanye bijyanye n'iterambere umuntu yageragaho.

Hobe news yifashishije Igitabo 'MK Foundamental Economics' n'Inkoranyabitabo ' Encyclopedia Britannica' yateguye inzira 7 ifaranga ryanyuzemo kugeza ribaye uku riri.

1. Igurana ry'Ibintu ( Barter Trade)

uburyo abantu baguragana Ibintu bigakora nk'ifaranga ry'icyo gihe.

Igurana ry'Ibintu hagati y'abantu rifatwa nk'itangiriro ryifaranga mu isi. Mu myaka y'i 6000 mbere y'ivuka rya Yezu Krisitu, abantu bo muri icyo gihe bakoreshaga uburyo bwo kugurana ibintu. Uwabaga afite ibishyimbo yashakaga ufite ibyo ashaka nawe akeneye nk'amasaka bakagurana, gusa cyari igihe kigoye kuko bitari byoroshye kubona umuntu ufite icyo ushaka nawe ashaka icyo ufite.

2. Ihitwamo ry'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigakoreshwa nk'ifaranga ( Commodity Money)

Mu myaka y'i 1000 Mbere y'ivuka rya Yezu Krisitu abantu bo muri icyo gihe bahisemo Ibintu birimo umunyu n'itabi bikoreshwa nk'ifaranga ry'ubucuruzi muri icyo gihe.

4. Ikoreshwa rya Zahabu n'andi mabuye y'agaciro

amabuye y'agaciro yagiye akoreshwa nk'ifaranga.

Nyuma y'uko abantu basanze itabi n'umunyu  byangirika vuba bikaba bituma Ifaranga rita agaciro muri icyo gihe. Mu myaka ya 806 nyuma y'ivuka rya Yezu Krisitu, abantu bazanye uburyo bwo gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro nka Zahabu, Ifeza n'Umuringa nk'ifaranga kuko ayo mabuye atangirikaga vuba, yari yoroshye gutwabwa ndetse anaboneka gacye.

4. Ikorwa ry'ibiceri 

Kuva mu 1500 abantu batangiye gufata amabuye y'agaciro bakayakoramo ibiceri hagendewe ku ngano, ibi byakozwe hagamijwe koroshya igura n'igurisha ry'Ibintu bike.

Bimwe mu biceri byatangiye gukoreshwa nk'ifaranga.

5. Ifaranga mu nyandiko ( Paper Money)

Kuva mu kinyejana cya Cumi na karindwi, ahagana mu mwaka w'i 1633, hadutse umugabo w'Umwongereza witwaga Goldsmith Banker, uyu mugabo yazanye uburyo bushya bwo kubikira abantu Zahabu, ubundi akabaha inyandiko igaragaza ko ababikiye Zahabu runaka, iyo nyandiko yandikaga niyo yifashishwaga mu kugura ikintu kuko yagaragaza ko ufite amafaranga ahantu runaka. Uburyo Goldsmith Banker yazanye nibwo bwavuyemo ushingwa rya Banki zatangiye kujya zibikira abantu amafaranga.

6. Ikorwa ry'inoti zikozwe n'Amabanki

Mu kinyejana cya 18, ahagana mu myaka y'i 1704, ibihugu by'u Bwongereza na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byatangiye gushyiraho Banki z'ibihugu, izo Banki zatangije uburyo bwo gukora Ifaranga ry'igipapuro kiriho umubare ugena agaciro karyo ndetse inoti zigashyirwaho ibirango by'igihugu.

7. Ifaranga ry'Icyizere

Kuva mu mwaka w'i 1950 bitewe n'iyaduka rya murandasi (enternet), Amabanki yatangiye gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubika amafaranga ku makarita agendanwa yiswe ' Credit card', Aya makarita abantu bayabikaho amafaranga ubundi bajya kugura bakaba ariyo bifashisha bishyura.

Kuva mu 1994 hadutse uburyo bwo kubitsa amafaranga kuri Konti zahujwe na Simukadi ' Mobile Money' ubu buryo buha abantu ububasha bwo guherekanya amafaranga nta n'umwe ukoze ku noti cyangwa ibiceri, Cashless Economy'.

Ifaranga ryo kuri Murandasi, kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, abakoresha ikoranabuhanga badukanye Ifaranga rizwi nka ' Crypto Currency' , iri faranga ntirigira igihugu cyarikoze cyangwa kirigenzura.

Ifoto ishobora ku kwereka urugendo rw'ifaranga mu Isi ( Enternet).

A little more informed. A little more connected.